10 plagues chart Ex

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Strong's H8085 - shama` שמע shä·mah'
1) to hear, listen to, obey
a) (Qal)
1) to hear (perceive by ear)
2) to hear of or concerning
3) to hear (have power to hear)
4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to
5) to understand (language)
6) to hear (of judicial cases)
7) to listen, give heed
a) to consent, agree
b) to grant request
8) to listen to, yield to
9) to obey, be obedient
b) (Niphal)
1) to be heard (of voice or sound)
2) to be heard of
3) to be regarded, be obeyed
c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon
d) (Hiphil)
1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound
2) to sound aloud (musical term)
3) to make proclamation, summon
4) to cause to be heard

Strong's H2388 - chazaq khä·zak'
1) to strengthen, prevail, harden, be strong, become strong, be courageous, be firm, grow firm, be resolute, be sore
a) (Qal)
1) to be strong, grow strong
a) to prevail, prevail upon
b) to be firm, be caught fast, be secure
c) to press, be urgent
d) to grow stout, grow rigid, grow hard (bad sense)
e) to be severe, be grievous
2) to strengthen
b) (Piel)
1) to make strong
2) to restore to strength, give strength
3) to strengthen, sustain, encourage
4) to make strong, make bold, encourage
5) to make firm
6) to make rigid, make hard
c) (Hiphil)
1) to make strong, strengthen
2) to make firm
3) to display strength
4) to make severe
5) to support
6) to repair
7) to prevail, prevail upon
8) to have or take or keep hold of, retain, hold up, sustain, support
9) to hold, contain
d) (Hithpael)
1) to strengthen oneself
2) to put forth strength, use one's strength
3) to withstand
4) to hold strongly with

Hebrew meaning complements of BlueLetterBible.org

Fri 090626 am-pm Ex 5-10

Alfred Edersheim in Old Testament Bible History
Book 2 Chapter V: "The Hardening of Pharaoh's Heart"

This is a great treatment on the topic for those with all numbers of petals (or no petals) on their "tulip." http://philologos.org/__eb-bhot/vol_II/ch05.htm

Before we pass to an account of the wonders by which Moses was so soon to prove before Pharaoh the reality of his mission, it may be convenient here briefly to consider a very solemn element in the history of these transactions - we mean, the hardening of Pharaoh's heart. Not that we can ever hope fully to understand what touches the counsels of God, the administration of His government, the mysterious connection between the creature and the Creator, and the solemn judgments by which He vindicates His power over the rebellious. But a reverent consideration of some points, taken directly from the text itself, may help us at least, like Israel of old, to "bow our heads and worship." We have already noticed, that before Moses had returned into Egypt, (Exodus 4:21) God had declared of Pharaoh, "I will harden his heart," placing this phase in the foreground, that Moses might be assured of God's overruling will in the matter. For a similar purpose, only much more fully expressed, God now again announced to Moses, before the commencement of the ten plagues, (Exodus 7:3)* "I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt."
These are the two first statements about the hardening of Pharaoh's heart. In both cases the agency is ascribed to God; but in both cases the event is yet future, and the announcement is only made in order to explain to Moses what his faith almost needed to know.
Twice ten times in the course of this history does the expression hardening occur in connection with Pharaoh. Although in our English version only the word "harden" is used, in the Hebrew original three different terms are employed, of which one (as in Exodus 7:3) literally means to make hard or insensible, the other (as in 10:1) to make heavy, that is, unimpressionable, and the third (as in 14:4), to make firm or stiff, so as to be immovable. Now it is remarkable, that of the twenty passages which speak of Pharaoh's hardening, exactly ten ascribe it to Pharaoh himself, and ten to God,* and that in both cases precisely the same three terms are used. Thus the making "hard," "heavy," and "firm" of the heart is exactly as often and in precisely the same terms traced to the agency of Pharaoh himself as to that of God. As a German writer aptly remarks, "The effect of the one is the hardening of man to his own destruction; that of the other, the hardening of man to the glory of God."
* Perhaps we ought to mark that ten is the number of completeness. The ten passages in which the hardening is traced to Pharaoh himself are: Exodus 7:13 ("the heart of Pharaoh was firm" or "stiff"); ver. 14 ("was heavy"); ver. 22 ("firm"); 8:15 ("made heavy"); ver. 19 (was "firm"); ver. 32; 9:7, 34 ("heavy"); ver. 35 ("firm"); 13:15 ("Pharaoh made hard," viz., his heart). The ten passages in which it is traced to the agency of God are: Exodus 4:21; 7:3; 9:12; 10:1; 10:20; 10:27; 11:10; 14:4; 14:8; 14:17.
Proceeding further, we find that, with the exception of the two passages (Exodus 4:21; 7:3) in which the Divine agency in hardening is beforehand announced to Moses for his instruction, the hardening process is during the course of the actual history, in the first place, traced only to Pharaoh himself. Thus, before the ten plagues, and when Aaron first proved his Divine mission by converting the rod into a serpent, (Exodus 7:10) "the heart of Pharaoh was hardened," that is, by himself (vers. 13, 14).*
* The rendering in our Authorized Version conveys a wrong impression, as if God had hardened Pharaoh's heart.
Similarly, after each of the first five plagues (7:22; 8:15; 8:19; 8:32; 9:7) the hardening is also expressly attributed to Pharaoh himself. Only when still resisting after the sixth plague do we read for the first time, that "the Lord made firm the heart of Pharaoh" (9:12). But even so, space for repentance must have been left, for after the seventh plague we read again (9:34) that "Pharaoh made heavy his heart;" and it is only after the eighth plague that the agency is exclusively ascribed to God. Moreover, we have to consider the progress of this hardening on the part of Pharaoh, by which at last his sin became ripe for judgment. It was not only that he resisted the demand of Moses, even in view of the miraculous signs by which his mission was attested; but that, step by step, the hand of God became more clearly manifest, till at last he was, by his own confession, "inexcusable." If the first sign of converting the rod into a serpent could in a certain manner be counterfeited by the Egyptian magicians, yet Aaron's rod swallowed up theirs (7:12). But after the third plague, the magicians themselves confessed their inability to carry on the contest, declaring, "This is the finger of God" (8:9). If any doubt had still been left upon his mind, it must have been removed by the evidence presented after the fifth plague (9:7), when "Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead." Some of the Egyptians. at least, had profited by this lesson, and on the announcement of the seventh plague housed their cattle from the predicted hail and fire (9:20, 21). Lastly, after that seventh plague, Pharaoh himself acknowledged his sin and wrong (9:27), and promised to let Israel go (ver. 28). Yet after all, on its removal, he once more hardened his heart (ver. 35)!
Can we wonder that such high-handed and inexcusable rebellion should have been ripe for the judgment which appeared in the Divine hardening of his heart? Assuredly in such a contest between the pride and daring of the creature and the might of the Lord God, the truth of this Divine declaration had to be publicly manifested:
"Even for this purpose have I raised thee up, that I might show My power in thee, and that My name might be declared throughout all the earth." (Romans 9:17)
For the long-suffering and patience of God will not always wait. It is indeed most true, that "God hath no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that he be converted and live;" (Ezekiel 33:11) and that He "will have all men come to the knowledge of the truth and be saved." (1 Timothy 2:4, 2 Peter 3:9)
But "he that being often reproved hardeneth his neck, shall suddenly be destroyed, and than without remedy." (Proverbs 29:1)
The same manifestation of God which to the believing is "a savor of life unto life," is to those who resist it "a savor of death unto death." As one has written, "the sunlight shining upon our earth produces opposite results according to the nature of the soil." In Scripture language: (Hebrews 6:7, 8) "the earth which drinketh in the rain that cometh oft upon it, and bringeth forth herbs meet for them by whom it is dressed, receiveth blessing from God: but that which beareth thorns and briars is rejected, and is nigh unto cursing; whose end is to be burned." Or, as a German writer puts it, "It is the curse of sin that it makes the hard heart ever harder against the gracious drawing of the Divine love, patience, and long-suffering."
Thus they who harden themselves fall at last under the Divine judgment of hardening, with all the terrible consequences which it involves.
Hitherto we have only traced this as it appears in the course of Pharaoh's history. There are, however, deeper bearings of the question, connected with the Divine dealings, the sovereignty, and the power of God. For such inquiries this is obviously not the place. Suffice it to draw some practical lessons. First and foremost, we learn the insufficiency of even the most astounding miracles to subdue the rebellious will, to change the heart, or to subject a man unto God. Our blessed Lord Himself has said of a somewhat analogous case, that men would not believe even though one rose from the dead. (Luke 16:31) And His statement has been only too amply verified in the history of the world since His own resurrection. Religion is matter of the heart, and no intellectual conviction, without the agency Of the Holy Spirit, affects the inmost springs of our lives. Secondly, a more terrible exhibition of the daring of human pride, the confidence of worldly power, and the deceitfulness of sin than that presented by the history of this Pharaoh can scarcely be conceived. And yet the lesson seems to have been overlooked by too many! Not only sacred history but possibly our own experience may furnish instances of similar tendencies; and in the depths of his own soul each believer must have felt his danger in this respect, for "the heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked." Lastly, resistance to God must assuredly end in fearful judgment. Each conviction suppressed, each admonition stifled, each loving offer rejected, tends towards increasing spiritual insensibility, and that in which it ends. It is wisdom and safety to watch for the blessed influences of God's Spirit, and to throw open our hearts to the sunlight of His grace.

* Perhaps we ought to mark that ten is the number of completeness. The ten passages in which the hardening is traced to Pharaoh himself are: Ex. vii. 13 ("the heart of Pharaoh was firm" or "stiff"); ver. 14 ("was heavy"); ver. 22 ("firm"): viii. 15 ("made heavy"); ver. 19 (was "firm"); ver. 32; ix. 7, 34 ("heavy); ver. 35 ("firm"); xiii. 15 ( "Pharaoh made hard," vis., his heart). The ten passages in which it is traced to the agency of God are: Ex. iv. 21; vii. 3; ix. 12; x. 1; x. 20; x. 27; vi.10; xiv. 4; xiv. 8; xiv. 17.

Exodus 5

5.2 Who is the Lord that I should obey His voice and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord... Well, that little piece of ignorance is going to be remedied is a big way. This is a seminal question from Pharaoh that forms the thesis for a ten lesson theology class in the next chapters. 7.17; 8.10; 8.22; 9.29; 10.2; 14.4; 14.18; etc...
This must have been a tough concept and a personal challenge for a man whose concept of gods included himself as one.
5.22 I like the NKJV "brought trouble" better that the ESV's "done evil." Though both translations seem to be justifiable, the word "evil" brings connotations and raises questions that don't seem to fit.

Exodus 7

7.3 I will harden Pharaoh's heart...
7.6 They did just as the Lord had commanded them... That is the way I want it to be with me.
7.9 When Pharaoh says... Nothing takes God by surprise.
7.13 Pharaoh's heart was hardened...
7.14-25 FIRST PLAGUE - Blood
7.17 by this you shall know that I am the Lord...
7.22 The magicians of Egypt did the trick too
7.23 he did not take even this to heart. Time for lesson # 2.

Exodus 8

8.1-15 SECOND PLAGUE - Frogs everywhere
8.8 The magicians can cause the problem of frogs, but ... they can't make it go away.
8.10 Why not today?
8.15 he hardened his heart and would not listen...
8.16-19 THIRD PLAGUE - Gnats
8.19 "This is the finger of God." Keil & Delitzsch is helpful here. --- "It was equivalent to saying, it is not by Moses and Aaron, that we are restrained, by by a divine power, which is greater than either" (Bochart).The word Elohim is decisive in support of this view. If they had meant to refer to the God of Israel, they would have used the name Jehovah. The "finger of God" denotes creative omnipotence (Ps. viii. 3; Luke xi. 20, cf. Ex. xxxi. 18). Consequently this miracle also made no impression upon Pharaaoh."
8.20-32 FOURTH PLAGUE - Dogflies
"This plague, unlike the previous one, came without warning. The Lord promised that the land would be covered with "swarms" (Heb. arob, v. 21). The word arob is used nine times and is always related to this plague (cf. Ps. 78:45; 105:31). The idea of flies, however, is not altogether inappropriate to the text. This translation is suggested by the Septuagint rendering kunomuia--"dog-fly." It would be remembered that the translators of the Septuagint lived in Egypt and their observation may be important at this point. The blood-sucking gadfly or dogfly was something to be abhorred and may in part have been responsible for the great deal of blindness in the land." ---John Davis in Moses and the Gods of Egypt
8.22 that you may know that I am the Lord
8.22 I will set apart the land of Goshen
8.24 ESV "ruined" & NKJV "corrupted" This would be an interesting one to chase down.
8.30 so Moses went our from Pharaoh and prayed... It is interesting to see Moses praying for something that I presume God was going to do anyway. Not unnecessary, but interesting to think about.
8.32 But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also... I think Pharaoh would have spent the whole year on knucklehead row in Dr. Keltner's 8th grade Bible class. He seems to be pretty slow at figuring some things out.

Exodus 9

9.1-7 FIFTH PLAGUE - Livestock plague
9.4 nothing of all that belongs to the people of Israel...
9.7 But the heart of Pharaoh was hardened...
9.8-12 SIXTH PLAGUE - Boils
9.11 the magicians could not stand before Moses... "The very fact that the magicians continued to be called even after their impotence had been demonstrated indicated something of the hardness of Pharaoh's heart." ---John Davis in Moses and the Gods of Egypt
9:13-35 SEVENTH PLAGUE - Hail
9.14 That you may know that there is none like Me...
9.16-17 that My name may be declared in all the earth... God reveals his purpose in having Pharaoh oppose Him.
9.20 Some of Pharaoh's servants were described as those who feared the word of the Lord and others as those who did not pay attention to the word of the Lord. I know which of those groups I want to stay in.
9.26 Goshen ... there was no hail
9.27 This is a remarkable confession by Pharaoh. It is also very puzzling. How could he realize that without any sense of repentance? It would be interesting to look up the workds for sinned, righteous, and wicked and get some sense of an cultural implications. I bet Calvin would have a choice comment on this one.
9.29 that you may know that the earth is the Lord's.
9.34 He sinned yet again and hardened his heart... It seems to be instructive that the sin is associated with the hardening process. This seems to indicate that each time we choose to sin we harden our heart more.
9.35 the heart of Pharaoh was hardened.

Exodus 10

10.1-20 EIGHTH PLAGUE - Locusts
10.1 I have hardened the heart of...
10.2 that you may know that I am the Lord.
10.7 The pressure is mounting on Pharaoh as his own servants start asking how long Pharaoh was going to let this go on.
10.16 I have sinned... but presumably not repented.
10.16 only this once... Too often the words of a pitiful, but unrepentant sinner.
10.20 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go.
10.21 NINTH PLAGUE - Darkness
10.23 all the people of Israel had light...
10.27 the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart and he would not...

Exodus 11

11.1-10 TENTH PLAGUE - Death of the firstborn announced.
11.7 that you may know that the Lord makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel...
10.9 that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt. It seems God was wanting to make His point in a BIG way.
10.10 the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart...

Wed 090624 pm Psa 17

Psalm 17 David 15 vs. -----??
Prayer for deliverance from enemies.

Tues 090623 pm Psa 6-8

Psalm 6 David 10vs. ----?
Don't rebuke me in your anger. I am upset. Depart from me enemies. The Lord has heard me.
6.5 This OT concept puzzels me.

Psalm 7 David 17vs. ------??
David asserts his righteousness and calls on God to arise. Awake and punish the wicked who he describes.
7.4 plundered my enemy without cause That raises the question of what is "cause?" Is this a national or personal issue.
7.6 Arise... I find this an interesting "metaphor." It reminds me of a dad saying, "Do I have to et up and come over there?" or "Do you want me to stop the car."
7.7 it What is "it?"
7.8 Judge me according to my righteousness I don't think I would ever pray this, but David is not alone (among Bible characters) in this assertion.
7.10 "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
7.15 falls into the hole he has made It would be interesting to know the specific cultural/historical background here. Be careful about digging holes.

Psalm 8 David 8v. v.4-6--Heb. 2.6-8
General praise psalm
8.1 Kieth Green song
8.4-6 Seems to refer to men, but used of Christ in Hebrews and dominion seemed to be in a stronger sense in Hebrew.

Mon 090622 pm Job 31.1-4

Job 31.1-4

1 “I have made a covenant with my eyes;
Why then should I look upon a young woman?
Proverbs 6.25
Do not lust after her beauty in your heart,
Nor let her allure you with her eyelids.
2 For what is the allotment of God from above,
And the inheritance of the Almighty from on high?
3 Is it not destruction for the wicked,
And disaster for the workers of iniquity?
4 Does He not see my ways,
And count all my steps?
Prov 5.21
For the ways of man are before the eyes of the LORD,
And He ponders all his paths.