Hebrews: OT Allusions

"Whatever the identity of the scholar who wrote the NT book of Hebrews, he fulfills the description [Matt 13.52] admirably, bringing to his task a rich mix of skills, both rhetorical and rabbinic, drawing from the ancient texts at his disposal and presenting them in light of his received christocentric tradition, with the intention of offering strong encouragement to a beleaguered community."    -----George Guthrie in CotOTUotNT

George  Guthrie identifies...

37 quotations

40 allusions

19 OT material is summarized

13 OT topic without reference to a specific text.

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The Blue Letter Bible list of allusions to or quotes of the Old Testament in the book of Hebrews is as follows.

Ch. 01 - 7

Ch. 02 - 5

Ch. 03 - 4

Ch. 04 - 3

Ch. 05 - 3

Ch. 06 - 1

Ch. 07 - 2

Ch. 08 - 2

Ch. 09 - 8

Ch. 10 - 8

Ch. 11 - 36

Ch. 12 - 11

Ch. 13 - 8

Genesis -             22   primarily in chapter 11 

Psalms -               21   primarily toward the beginning of the book 

Exodus -              14  primarily in chapters 9 & 11 

Numbers -            6 

Deuteronomy -     4 

Heb. 01.2  "heir of all things" - allusion to Psalm 2.8  "...I will give the nations for Your

inheritance, And the ends of the earth for Your possessions."  The author has taken the 

"nations" and "ends of the earth" of the psalm verse and interpreted them expansively as "all

things."  -----George Guthrie in CotOTUotNT p.942  It seems to be a pretty weak allusion to 

me.

Hbr 01.5 Quotation of the LXX phrase from  Psa 2.7  "You are my Son, Today I have begotten you."   "In Psalm 2, "The psalmist asserts that this rebellion will be smashed by the awesome, overwhelming power of the King whom God has enthroned in Mount Zion."  --Guthrie in NIVAC p.68   This emphasizes the Son's unique relationship with the Father.

4.      Hbr 01.5     2Sa 7.14                  

5.      Hbr 01.6                        Psa 97.7

6.      Hbr 01.7                        Psa 45.6, 7

1.      Hbr 01.10, 11, 12         Psa 102.25, 26, 27

2.      Hbr 01.13                      Psa 110.1

8.      Hbr 02.12                     Psa 22.22

9.      Hbr 02.13                     Psa 18.2

10.  Hbr 02.13    2Sa 22.2

11.  Hbr 02.13    Isa 8.18

12.  Hbr 02.6-8                    Psa 8.4-6

13.  Hbr 03.15                     Psa 95.7-11

14.  Hbr 03.17                     Num 14.35, 36

15.  Hbr 03.2                       Num 12.7

16.  Hbr 03.7-11                  Psa 95.7-11

17.  Hbr 04.3                       Psa 95.11

18.  Hbr 04.4                       Gen 2.2, 3

19.  Hbr 04.7                       Psa 95.7, 8

20.  Hbr 05.4    1Ch 23.13

21.  Hbr 05.5                        Psa 2.7

22.  Hbr 05.6                        Psa 110.4

23.  Hbr 06.14                     Gen 22.16, 17

24.  Hbr 07.1                       Gen 14.18

25.  Hbr 07.17, 21               Psa 110.4

26.  Hbr 08.5                       Exd 25.40

27.  Hbr 08.8-12    Jer 31.31-34

28.  Hbr 09.13    Lev 16.14

29.  Hbr 09.14                   Num 14.36

30.  Hbr 09.2                     Exd 25.1-40

31.  Hbr 09.2                     Exd 26.36

32.  Hbr 09.2                     Exd 40.3

33.  Hbr 09.2                     Num 17.10

34.  Hbr 09.20                   Exd 24.8

35.  Hbr 09.7                     Exd 30.10

36.  Hbr 10.11                     Exd 29.38

37.  Hbr 10.12, 13             Psa 110.1

38.  Hbr 10.16, 17    Jer 31.33, 34

39.  Hbr 10.27    Isa 64.1

40.  Hbr 10.28                   Deu 17.6

41.  Hbr 10.30                   Deu 32.35, 36

42.  Hbr 10.37, 38    Hab 2.3, 4

43.  Hbr 10.5-7                 Psa 40.6-8

44.  Hbr 11.04                  Gen 4.4

45.  Hbr 11.05                   Gen 5.24

46.  Hbr 11.07                  Gen 6.8, 14

47.  Hbr 11.08                  Gen 12.1, 2

48.  Hbr 11.09                  Gen 12.5

49.  Hbr 110.9                  Gen 27.11, 12, 14

50.  Hbr 11.11                  Gen 18.1-33

51.  Hbr 11.12                  Gen 22.17

52.  Hbr 11.13                  Gen 23.4

53.  Hbr 11.13                  Gen 47.9

54.  Hbr 11.13                   Psa 39.13

55.  Hbr 11.14    Hsa 14.2

56.  Hbr 11.17                  Gen 22.1

57.  Hbr 11.18                  Gen 22.12

58.  Hbr 11.20                  Gen 27.28

59.  Hbr 11.21                  Gen 47.31

60.  Hbr 11.21                  Gen 48.15

61.  Hbr 11.22                  Gen 50.24

62.  Hbr 11.23                  Exd 2.2

63.  Hbr 11.25                  Exd 2.11

64.  Hbr 11.27                  Exd 2.15

65.  Hbr 11.28                  Exd 12.11, 18

66.  Hbr 11.29                  Exd 14.22

67.  Hbr 11.3                    Gen 1.1

68.  Hbr 11.30    Jos 6.20

69.  Hbr 11.31    Jos 2.1

70.  Hbr 11.31    Jos 6.17, 23

71.  Hbr 11.32    1Sa 7.1-17

72.  Hbr 11.32    2Sa 2.1-32

73.  Hbr 11.32    Jdg 6.4, 11, 15

74.  Hbr 11.33    2Sa 8.1-18

75.  Hbr 11.33    Dan 6.1-28

76.  Hbr 11.33    Jdg 14.1-20

77.  Hbr 11.34    Dan 3.1-30

78.  Hbr 11.35    1Ki 17.1-24

79.  Hbr 11.35    1Ki 19.1

80.  Hbr 11.35    2Ki 4.20

81.  Hbr 12.12, 13    Isa 35.3

82.  Hbr 12.12, 13    Pro 4.26

83.  Hbr 12.15                 Deu 29.18

84.  Hbr 12.16                Gen 25.31

85.  Hbr 12.18                Exd 19.16

86.  Hbr 12.20                Exd 19.12, 13

87.  Hbr 12.21                Deu 9.19

88.  Hbr 12.26    Hag 2.6

89.  Hbr 12.29                Deu 4.24

90.  Hbr 12.5, 6    Pro 3.11, 12

91.  Hbr 12.9                  Num 27.16

92.  Hbr 13.11    Lev 16.27

93.  Hbr 13.11    Lev 4.12, 21

94.  Hbr 13.11                 Num 19.3

95.  Hbr 13.14    Mic 2.10

96.  Hbr 13.2                  Gen 18.2

97.  Hbr 13.5                  Deu 31.8

98.  Hbr 13.5    Jos 1.5

99.  Hbr 13.6                   Psa 118.6

Precepts Austin
OLD TESTAMENT  QUOTATIONS & ALLUSIONS IN THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS
Note: Allusions marked with asterisk (*)
Note also that many of the OT quotes are from the Septuagint (Lxx) which is why the wording may appear somewhat different.
NAS identifies OT quotes in the NT with Small Caps. NET Bible uses bold italics. NKJV uses italics

He 1:3 <> Ps 110:1*
He 1:5 <> Ps 2:7, 2Sa 7:14, 1Chr 17:13
He 1:6 <> Deut 32:43 and Ps 97:7
He 1:7 <> Ps 104:4
He 1:8 <> Ps 45:6
He 1:9 <> Ps 45:7
He 1:10 <> Ps 102: 25, 26, 27
He 1:11 <> Ps 102: 26a
He 1:12 <> Ps 102:26b, 27
He 1:13 <> Ps 110:1

He 2:6 <> Ps 8:4
He 2:7 <> Ps 8:5
He 2:8 <> Ps Ps 8:6
He 2:12 <> Ps 22:22

He 2:13 <> Is 8:17, 18

He 3:5 <> Nu 12:7
He 3:7 <> Ps 95:7
He 3:8 <> Ps 95:8
He 3:9 <> Ps 95:9, 10a
He 3:10 <> Ps 95:10
He 3:11 <> Ps 95:11

He 3:15 <> Ps 95:7, 8
He 3:17 <> Nu 14:29, 32*

He 4:3 <> Ps 95:11
He 4:4 <> Ge 2:2
He 4:5 <> Ps 95:11
He 4:7 <> Ps 95:7, 8

He 5:5 <> Ps 2:7

He 5:6 <> Ps 110:4
He 5:10 <> Ps 110:4

He 6:14 <> Ge 22:17
He 6:20 <> Ps 110:4

He 7:1 <> Ge 14:17, 18, 19
He 7:2 <> Ge 14:20, 14:18
He 7:17 <> Ps 110:4
   

He 7:21 <> Ps 110:4

He 8:1 <> Ps 110:1*
He 8:5 <> Ex 25:40
He 8:8 <> Je 31:31
He 8:9 <> Je 31:32
He 8:10 <> Je 31:33
He 8:11 <> Je 31:34a
He 8:12 <> Je 31:34b

He 9:20 <> Ex 24:8
He 9:28 <> Is 53:12b*

He 10:5 <> Ps 40:6
He 10:6 <> Ps 40:6b
He 10:7 <> Ps 40:7, 8
He 10:8 <> Ps 40:6
He 10:9 <> Ps 40:8
He 10:16 <> Je 31:33
He 10:17 <> Je 31:34
He 10:30 <> Dt 32:35, 36
He 10:37 <> Is 26:20, Hab 2:3
He 10:38 <> Hab 2:4

He 11:12 <> Ge 22:17, 15:5*
He 11:18 <> Ge 21:12
He 11:21 <> Ge 47:31

He 12:2 <> Ps 110:1*
He 12:5 <> Pr 3:11
He 12:12 <> Is 35:3*
He 12:13 <> Pr 4:26
He 12:16 <> Ge 27:37-41*
He 12:20 <> Ex 19:12, 13
He 12:21 <> Dt 9:19
He 12:26, 27 <> Hag 2:6
He 12:29 <> Dt 4:24, 9:3

He 13:5 <> Dt 31:6, 8
He 13:6 <> Ps 118:6
 

Porverbs 13.1-13 Notes

5. Good Teaching, Ethics, and Living (13:1-25)

"...the chapter's theme:
through morally good teaching and behavior one will eat what is materially good (v.2)..."    ---Waltke in NICOT
 

---(a) Introduction (1)-----------------------------------------

1                                                                  But

A wise son                                               a scoffer

heeds [supplied from context]      does not listen

his father's instruction,                     to rebuke.  

13.1 Note the escalation from this proverb to the command to parents to discipline there children in verse 24.  "instruction" in verse 2 and "discipline" in verse 25 are from mûscār.

13.1b  a scoffer...   The “scoffer” is the worst kind of fool. He has no respect for authority, reviles worship of God, and is unteachable because he thinks he knows it all. The change to a stronger word in the second colon – “rebuke” (גָּעַר, ga’ar) – shows that he does not respond to instruction on any level. Cf. NLT “a young mocker,” taking this to refer to the opposite of the “wise son” in the first colon.  --NET Bible translation notes

---(b) Speech and Ethics (2-6)-----------------------------

The subunit consists of two quatrains about speech (vv. 2-3 and 5-6) areound a proverb pertaining to industry (v. 4).   ---Waltke in NICOT
2                                                       But

A man                                            the soul

- - -                                                   of the unfaithful

shall eat well                               feeds on

by the fruit of his mouth,      violence.   

13.1a  is a duplicate of 12.14a.  

 

13.2a mouth...  lit. lips

---------------------------------

3                                              But  [not in the Hebrew, but supplied by the translators]

He who                                 he who

guards his mouth           opens wide his lips

preserves his life,             shall have destruction.  

The wise have open ears (v. 1a) and closed mouths (v.3.a)...  ---Waltke in NICOT

Amenemope advises to “sleep a night before speaking” (5:15; ANET 422, n. 10). The old Arab proverb is appropriate: “Take heed that your tongue does not cut your throat” (O. Zockler, Proverbs, 134).   --NET Bible study notes

13.3b  opens wide his lips...   ...according ti Exek 16.25, connote lewd and indiscreet speech that does not restrict itself to the norms of propriety, especially if "lips" has a sexual association (see 5.3).      ---Waltke in NICOT

---------------------------------

4                                         But

The soul                          the soul

of a lazy man                of the diligent

desires,                           - - -

and has nothing;         shall be made rich.  

13.4b made rich...  Heb “will be made fat” (cf. KJV, NASB);   --NET Bible translation notes

---------------------------------

5                                         But

A righteous man          a wicked man

hates lying,                    - - -

- - -                                     is loathsome and

- - -                                     comes to shame.  

13.5b  shame...  The verb בָּאַשׁ (ba’ash) literally means “to cause a stink; to emit a stinking odor” (e.g., Exod 5:21; Eccl 10:1) and figuratively means “to act shamefully” (BDB 92 s.v.).     --NET Bible translation notes

---------------------------------

6                                                     But

Righteousness                     wickedness

guards him                               overthrows

whose way is blameless,       the sinner.  

--- (c) Wealth and Ethics (7-11) -----------------------------

Waltke identifies this verse as a janus connecting 2-6 with 7-11.

7                                                       And

There is one                                  one who

who makes himself rich,        makes himself poor,

yet has nothing;                          yet has great riches. 

7.1a makes himself...  "The proverb is wonderfully ambiguous."  It can also be read "pretends to be rich"  or "thinks himself to be rich".    ---Waltke in NICOT

---------------------------------

8 

The ransom of a man's life is his riches, 

But the poor does not hear rebuke.  

13.8b  The phrase "does not hear" in this couplet binds this subunit with the introduction.    ---Waltke in NICOT

---------------------------------

9                                                               But

The light of the righteous          the lamp of the wicked

rejoices,                                                will be put out.  

---------------------------------

10                                                       But

By pride                                           with the well-advised

comes nothing but strife,         is wisdom.  

---------------------------------11                                                        But
Wealth                                              he who gathers
gained by dishonesty                 by labor
will be diminished,                      will increase. 

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