5. Good Teaching, Ethics, and Living (13:1-25)
"...the chapter's theme:
through morally good teaching and behavior one will eat what is materially good (v.2)..." ---Waltke in NICOT
through morally good teaching and behavior one will eat what is materially good (v.2)..." ---Waltke in NICOT
---(a) Introduction (1)-----------------------------------------
1 But
A wise son a scoffer
heeds [supplied from context] does not listen
his father's instruction, to rebuke.
13.1 Note the escalation from this proverb to the command to parents to discipline there children in verse 24. "instruction" in verse 2 and "discipline" in verse 25 are from mûscār.
13.1b a scoffer... The “scoffer” is the worst
kind of fool. He has no respect for authority, reviles worship of God,
and is unteachable because he thinks he knows it all. The change to a
stronger word in the second colon – “rebuke” (גָּעַר, ga’ar)
– shows that he does not respond to instruction on any level. Cf. NLT
“a young mocker,” taking this to refer to the opposite of the “wise son”
in the first colon. --NET Bible translation notes
---(b) Speech and Ethics (2-6)-----------------------------
The subunit consists of two quatrains about speech (vv. 2-3 and 5-6) areound a proverb pertaining to industry (v. 4). ---Waltke in NICOT
2 But
2 But
A man the soul
- - - of the unfaithful
shall eat well feeds on
by the fruit of his mouth, violence.
13.1a is a duplicate of 12.14a.
13.2a mouth... lit. lips
---------------------------------
3 But [not in the Hebrew, but supplied by the translators]
He who he who
guards his mouth opens wide his lips
preserves his life, shall have destruction.
The wise have open ears (v. 1a) and closed mouths (v.3.a)... ---Waltke in NICOT
Amenemope advises to “sleep a night before speaking” (5:15; ANET 422, n. 10). The old Arab proverb is appropriate: “Take heed that your tongue does not cut your throat” (O. Zockler, Proverbs, 134). --NET Bible study notes
13.3b opens wide his lips... ...according ti Exek 16.25, connote lewd and indiscreet speech that does not restrict itself to the norms of propriety, especially if "lips" has a sexual association (see 5.3). ---Waltke in NICOT
---------------------------------
4 But
The soul the soul
of a lazy man of the diligent
desires, - - -
and has nothing; shall be made rich.
13.4b made rich... Heb “will be made fat” (cf. KJV, NASB); --NET Bible translation notes
5 But
A righteous man a wicked man
hates lying, - - -
- - - is loathsome and
- - - comes to shame.
13.5b shame... The verb בָּאַשׁ (ba’ash) literally means “to cause a stink; to emit a stinking odor” (e.g., Exod 5:21; Eccl 10:1) and figuratively means “to act shamefully” (BDB 92 s.v.). --NET Bible translation notes
6 But
Righteousness wickedness
guards him overthrows
whose way is blameless, the sinner.
--- (c) Wealth and Ethics (7-11) -----------------------------
Waltke identifies this verse as a janus connecting 2-6 with 7-11.
7 And
There is one one who
who makes himself rich, makes himself poor,
yet has nothing; yet has great riches.
7.1a makes himself... "The proverb is wonderfully ambiguous." It can also be read "pretends to be rich" or "thinks himself to be rich". ---Waltke in NICOT
---------------------------------
8
The ransom of a man's life is his riches,
But the poor does not hear rebuke.
13.8b The phrase "does not hear" in this couplet binds this subunit with the introduction. ---Waltke in NICOT
---------------------------------
9 But
The light of the righteous the lamp of the wicked
rejoices, will be put out.
10 But
By pride with the well-advised
comes nothing but strife, is wisdom.
Wealth he who gathers
gained by dishonesty by labor
will be diminished, will increase.
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