1. What is the structure of your Biblical text? How should that structure shape the emphasis of your teaching outline?
I. Call to Alarm: Blow the horn... 1-11
Their imminence
2.1 Blow the trumpet...
2.2 A day of darkness...
Their appearance 2.3-5
2.3 A fire devours...
2.4 Their appearance...
Their effectiveness 2.6-9
2.6 the people writhe...
2.7 They run like...
Their sure success 2.10-11
2.10 The earth quakes...
2.11 The LORD give voice to...
II. Call to Repentance: Turn to Me... 12-17
A. Appeal for personal repentance 2.12-14
1. importance of the heart repentance
2. grounds for acceptance
B. Call to corporate repentance 2.15-16
1. the fast and assembly
-Blow the horn
-Consecrate a fast
-Call a sacred assembly
-Sanctify the congregation
-Consecrate a fast
-Call a sacred assembly
-Sanctify the congregation
2. all to gather
-Assemble the elders
-Gather the children...bridegroom...bride
-Gather the children...bridegroom...bride
C. Prayer for God to spare His people 2.17
1. Lead by the priests
2. Appeal to God's reputation
"The prayer was to include a twofold petition:
(a)
spare (ḥûs, “pity or have compassion on”; cf. Jonah 4:11 for the same
word, where the NIV renders it “be concerned about”) and
(b)
do not make, a question aimed at motivating God to action. The concern
of the latter was God’s reputation.
2. What is the broader context of your text? How does it inform the meaning of your specific text?
1.15 warns of the day of the LORD
1.19-20 Amos cries out because...
2.1ff talks about the restoration of Israel
3. What is the main theme (or melodic line) of the book in which the text is found? How does the main theme of the entire book inform the meaning of your specific text?
Repent so that God can restore you.
3. What is the main theme (or melodic line) of the book in which the text is found? How does the main theme of the entire book inform the meaning of your specific text?
Repent so that God can restore you.
v. 12 on talks about the repentance that is needed and the next section talks about the restoration.
4. How does your text anticipate the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ?
2.13 Inward repentance
Description of God' character and relenting
5. The theme of the text? (theme)
Return to the Lord your God.
Return to the Lord your God.
In light of a coming judgement, Israel should he t have high priority and serious private and cooperate repentance and turning to the LORD.
6. What is the primary aim of your text?
Warning/reminder of God's judgement and a call to every person to have serious heartfelt repentance for their sin and heartfelt return to the Lord.
7. What is your theme and aim for your people as you prepare to teach
Surety of God's judgement. Does sin break your heart?
Heartfelt repentance. Turn to God. / Return to following the Lord.
Appreciation for his gracious, mercy, slow to anger, and kindness,
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The unit falls into four parts, just like 1:2-12; in fact there is a close correspondence between the two passages, which will be traced in the course of the exposition. After the introductory section the other three divisions, vv. 3-5, 6-9, 10f... are marked by similar openings. --Leslie C. Allen in The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah (NICOT) (The quality of print on the pages in this Eerdman's book was what I would expect from a third world printer.)
-----------------------
The description is divided into three strophes thus:
he first of all depicts the sight of this army of God, as seen afar off, and its terrible appearance in general (Joe_2:2 and Joe_2:3);
then the appearance and advance of this mighty army (Joe_2:4-6); and
lastly, its irresistible power (Joe_2:7-11);
and
closes the first strophe with a figurative description of the devastation caused by this terrible army,
whilst in the second and third he gives prominence to the terror which they cause among all nations, and over all the earth. -----Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
---------------------------
The position taken here is that with the picture of the historical locust plague that he had just experienced vividly before him, and with the warning of judgment firmly in mind (1:15), Joel portrayed a coming army, in particular, that of the Assyrian armies of the eighth and seventh centuries B. C. The appearance and martial activities of the locusts were analogous to those of a real army. In describing throughout the next verse that coming contingent of invaders, Joel maintained the double figure of the locust and the invading armies: their appearance (vv. 2b-5), their operation (vv. 6-8), and their effectiveness (vv. 9-11). The locust plague of chapter 1 was a precursor of the locustlike plague of the Assyrian armies of chapter 2. The judgement effected by the Assyrian armies was in turn to be a harbinger of a still greater eschatological judgment (2:28-3:21). ----Richard D. Patterson in The Expositor's Bible Commentary Vol. 7
I. Call to Alarm: Blow the horn... 1-11
2.1 The wall towers of an ancient city were manned by guards alert for enemy attack. Upon their keen eyes the security of the community within the walls depended. Should they spy a hostile force appearing, it was their duty to sound the alarm on a curved horn or ram or cow: ...(Ezek. 33:2-4)
II. Call to Repentance: Turn to Me... 12-17
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The unit falls into four parts, just like 1:2-12; in fact there is a close correspondence between the two passages, which will be traced in the course of the exposition. After the introductory section the other three divisions, vv. 3-5, 6-9, 10f... are marked by similar openings. --Leslie C. Allen in The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah (NICOT) (The quality of print on the pages in this Eerdman's book was what I would expect from a third world printer.)
-----------------------
The description is divided into three strophes thus:
he first of all depicts the sight of this army of God, as seen afar off, and its terrible appearance in general (Joe_2:2 and Joe_2:3);
then the appearance and advance of this mighty army (Joe_2:4-6); and
lastly, its irresistible power (Joe_2:7-11);
and
closes the first strophe with a figurative description of the devastation caused by this terrible army,
whilst in the second and third he gives prominence to the terror which they cause among all nations, and over all the earth. -----Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
---------------------------
The position taken here is that with the picture of the historical locust plague that he had just experienced vividly before him, and with the warning of judgment firmly in mind (1:15), Joel portrayed a coming army, in particular, that of the Assyrian armies of the eighth and seventh centuries B. C. The appearance and martial activities of the locusts were analogous to those of a real army. In describing throughout the next verse that coming contingent of invaders, Joel maintained the double figure of the locust and the invading armies: their appearance (vv. 2b-5), their operation (vv. 6-8), and their effectiveness (vv. 9-11). The locust plague of chapter 1 was a precursor of the locustlike plague of the Assyrian armies of chapter 2. The judgement effected by the Assyrian armies was in turn to be a harbinger of a still greater eschatological judgment (2:28-3:21). ----Richard D. Patterson in The Expositor's Bible Commentary Vol. 7
I. Call to Alarm: Blow the horn... 1-11
2.1 The wall towers of an ancient city were manned by guards alert for enemy attack. Upon their keen eyes the security of the community within the walls depended. Should they spy a hostile force appearing, it was their duty to sound the alarm on a curved horn or ram or cow: ...(Ezek. 33:2-4)
2.1 Blow the trumpet...
2.2 A day of darkness...
Their appearance 2.3-5
2.3 A fire devours...
2.4 Their appearance...
Their effectiveness 2.6-9
2.6 the people writhe...
2.7 They run like...
Their sure success 2.10-11
2.10 The earth quakes...
2.11 The LORD give voice to...
II. Call to Repentance: Turn to Me... 12-17
A. Appeal for personal repentance 2.12-14
1. importance of the heart repentance
2. grounds for acceptance
2.13 For He is...(Neh. 9:17; Psa. 143:8; Jonah 4:2)
2.14 Who knows if...
"The words who knows testify to the Lord’s sovereignty in the matter
(cf. 2 Sam. 12:22; Jonah 3:9). Even if sinful Israel repented, she could
not presume on God’s mercy as if it were something under their control
which He had to grant automatically." ---Robert B. Chisholm, Jr. in The Bible knowledge commentary : An Exposition of the Scriptures (Joe 2:14). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books.
B. Call to corporate repentance 2.15-16
1. the fast and assembly
-Blow the horn
-Consecrate a fast
-Call a sacred assembly
-Sanctify the congregation
-Consecrate a fast
-Call a sacred assembly
-Sanctify the congregation
2. all to gather
-Assemble the elders
-Gather the children...bridegroom...bride
-Gather the children...bridegroom...bride
C. Prayer for God to spare His people 2.17
1. Lead by the priests
2. Appeal to God's reputation
"The prayer was to include a twofold petition:
(a)
spare (ḥûs, “pity or have compassion on”; cf. Jonah 4:11 for the same
word, where the NIV renders it “be concerned about”) and
(b)
do not make, a question aimed at motivating God to action. The concern
of the latter was God’s reputation. If Israel, God’s own inheritance
(cf. Deut. 4:20; 9:26, 29; Pss. 28:9; 33:12; 78:62, 71; 79:1; 94:14;
Micah 7:14, 18), were to become an object of scorn (cf. Joel 2:19), the
nations might erroneously conclude that He lacked the power and/or love
to save those who belonged to Him (cf. Ex. 32:12; Deut. 9:26-29; Ps.
79:4, 10).
The rendering, a byword among the nations, though not the only way to translate the Hebrew here (cf. KJV, “that the heathen should rule over them”), is favored by the poetic structure (cf. the parallel phrase “object of scorn”; also see Jer. 24:9)." ---Robert B. Chisholm, Jr. in The Bible knowledge commentary : An Exposition of the Scriptures (Joe 2:17). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books.
The rendering, a byword among the nations, though not the only way to translate the Hebrew here (cf. KJV, “that the heathen should rule over them”), is favored by the poetic structure (cf. the parallel phrase “object of scorn”; also see Jer. 24:9)." ---Robert B. Chisholm, Jr. in The Bible knowledge commentary : An Exposition of the Scriptures (Joe 2:17). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books.
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