9. Consequences of Righteousness and Wickedness (15.20-29)
(a) Joy in Education (15.20-23)
(b) Janus (15.24)
(c) Destinies of Righteous and the Wicked (15.25-29)
20 But
A wise a foolish
son man
makes a __ glad despises
father his mother.
20b despises ... The proverb is almost the same as 10:1, except that “despises” replaces “grief.” This adds the idea of the callousness of the one who inflicts grief on his mother (Kidner, Proverbs [TOTC], 116). ---NET Bible Study Notes
21
Folly is joy to him who is destitute of discernment,
But a man of understanding walks uprightly.
21a discernmment... The Hebrew text reads לַחֲסַר־לֵב (lakhasar-lev, “to one who lacks heart”). The Hebrew term “heart” represents the mind, the place where proper decisions are made (cf. NIV “judgment”). The one who has not developed this ability to make proper choices finds great delight in folly. ---NET Bible Study Notes
22 But
Without counsel, in the multitude of counselors
plans they
go awry, are established.
23
man has joy by the answer of his mouth,
And a word spoken in due season, how good it is!
23b in due season... Heb “in its season.” To say the right thing at the right time is useful; to say the right thing at the wrong time is counterproductive. ---NET Bible Translation Notes
24
The way of life winds upward for the wise,
That he may turn away from hell below.
24a upward... There is disagreement over the meaning of the term translated “upward.” The verse is usually taken to mean that “upward” is a reference to physical life and well-being (cf. NCV), and “going down to Sheol” is a reference to physical death, that is, the grave, because the concept of immortality is said not to appear in the book of Proverbs. The proverb then would mean that the wise live long and healthy lives. But W. McKane argues (correctly) that “upwards” in contrast to Sheol, does not fit the ways of describing the worldly pattern of conduct and that it is only intelligible if taken as a reference to immortality (Proverbs [OTL], 480). The translations “upwards” and “downwards” are not found in the LXX. This has led some commentators to speculate that these terms were not found in the original, but were added later, after the idea of immortality became prominent. However, this is mere speculation. ---NET Bible Translation Notes
25 But
The Lord He
will destroy will establish
the house the boundary
of the proud, of the widow.
25a proud... The “proud” have to be understood here in contrast to the widow, and their “house” has to be interpreted in contrast to the widow’s territory. The implication may be that the “proud” make their gain from the needy, and so God will set the balance right.
---NET Bible Translation Notes
26 But
The thoughts the words
of the wicked of the pure
are an abomination are pleasant.
to the Lord, - - - -
27 But
He he
who is greedy who hates
for gain bribes
troubles his own house, will live.
28 But
The heart the mouth
of the righteous of the wicked
studies how to answer, pours forth evil.
28a studies... The verb יֶהְגֶּה (yehgeh) means “to muse; to meditate; to consider; to study.” It also involves planning, such as with the wicked “planning” a vain thing (Ps 2:1, which is contrasted with the righteous who “meditate” in the law [1:2]). ---NET Bible Translation Notes
29 But
The Lord He
is far from hears the prayer
the wicked, of the righteous.
(a) Joy in Education (15.20-23)
(b) Janus (15.24)
(c) Destinies of Righteous and the Wicked (15.25-29)
20 But
A wise a foolish
son man
makes a __ glad despises
father his mother.
20b despises ... The proverb is almost the same as 10:1, except that “despises” replaces “grief.” This adds the idea of the callousness of the one who inflicts grief on his mother (Kidner, Proverbs [TOTC], 116). ---NET Bible Study Notes
21
Folly is joy to him who is destitute of discernment,
But a man of understanding walks uprightly.
21a discernmment... The Hebrew text reads לַחֲסַר־לֵב (lakhasar-lev, “to one who lacks heart”). The Hebrew term “heart” represents the mind, the place where proper decisions are made (cf. NIV “judgment”). The one who has not developed this ability to make proper choices finds great delight in folly. ---NET Bible Study Notes
22 But
Without counsel, in the multitude of counselors
plans they
go awry, are established.
23
man has joy by the answer of his mouth,
And a word spoken in due season, how good it is!
23b in due season... Heb “in its season.” To say the right thing at the right time is useful; to say the right thing at the wrong time is counterproductive. ---NET Bible Translation Notes
24
The way of life winds upward for the wise,
That he may turn away from hell below.
24a upward... There is disagreement over the meaning of the term translated “upward.” The verse is usually taken to mean that “upward” is a reference to physical life and well-being (cf. NCV), and “going down to Sheol” is a reference to physical death, that is, the grave, because the concept of immortality is said not to appear in the book of Proverbs. The proverb then would mean that the wise live long and healthy lives. But W. McKane argues (correctly) that “upwards” in contrast to Sheol, does not fit the ways of describing the worldly pattern of conduct and that it is only intelligible if taken as a reference to immortality (Proverbs [OTL], 480). The translations “upwards” and “downwards” are not found in the LXX. This has led some commentators to speculate that these terms were not found in the original, but were added later, after the idea of immortality became prominent. However, this is mere speculation. ---NET Bible Translation Notes
25 But
The Lord He
will destroy will establish
the house the boundary
of the proud, of the widow.
25a proud... The “proud” have to be understood here in contrast to the widow, and their “house” has to be interpreted in contrast to the widow’s territory. The implication may be that the “proud” make their gain from the needy, and so God will set the balance right.
---NET Bible Translation Notes
26 But
The thoughts the words
of the wicked of the pure
are an abomination are pleasant.
to the Lord, - - - -
27 But
He he
who is greedy who hates
for gain bribes
troubles his own house, will live.
28 But
The heart the mouth
of the righteous of the wicked
studies how to answer, pours forth evil.
28a studies... The verb יֶהְגֶּה (yehgeh) means “to muse; to meditate; to consider; to study.” It also involves planning, such as with the wicked “planning” a vain thing (Ps 2:1, which is contrasted with the righteous who “meditate” in the law [1:2]). ---NET Bible Translation Notes
29 But
The Lord He
is far from hears the prayer
the wicked, of the righteous.
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