BIG IDEA: According to naturalism,
nature consists of the physical world accessible through the five senses.
Summarize the three main worldview categories.
Naturalism is the worldview that the physical universe alone exists with no supernatural influences.
Pantheism is the worldview that everything is divine with no creator distinct from creation.
Theism is the worldview that one, personal God created everything.
(Polytheism: is the view that many gods and/or goddesses exist.)
https://crossexamined.org/8-major-worldviews-part-1/
https://crossexamined.org/8-major-worldviews-part-2/
How does Naturalism answer four
CENTRAL QUESTIONS?
What is real?—According to naturalism, the only things that are real are those that can be tested by the five senses.
Who is man?—According to Darwinism, humanity developed by a "cosmic accident
After death?—When you stop breathing, your life is done. You cease to exist.
Right & wrong (Purpose)?—There’s no standard outside of mankind that determines right and wrong.
Misconception: A meaningful life can be found in the things of this world alone.
Romans 1:28
Illumination: Without a relationship with God, life in this world is meaningless.
2 Peter 1:3-4; Ecclesiastes 2:24-25
Application question: What gives meaning to your life. Why do you do things?
Solomon—Ecclesiastes 1-2
1. What are the repeated phrases in chapters 1 & 2?
vanity (futility)--1:2, 2, 2, 2, 14; 2:1, 11, 17, 19, 21, 23, 26
labor (toil, i.e. wearing effort; hence, worry)--1:3; 2:10, 10, 11, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 22, 24
striving for the wind-- 1:14, 17; 2:11, 17, 26
wisdom (chokmah--wisdom, skill, shrewdness) 1:13, 16, 18; 2:3, 9, 12, 21, 26
under the sun--1:9, 14; 2:11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22,
under heaven--1:13; 2:3;
“Under the sun,” used 29 times in Ecclesiastes and nowhere else in the Old Testament, simply means “on the earth,” that is, in terms of human existence (1:9, 14; 2:11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22; 3:16; 4:1, 3, 7, 15; 5:13, 18; 6:1, 5, 12; 8:9, 15, 17; 9:3, 6, 9, 11, 13; 10:5; cf. 1:13; 2:3; 3:1). The phrase shows that the writer’s perspective was universal, not limited to his own people and land. And it shows that Solomon was looking at life from the perspective of man on the earth without the aid of special revelation from God. --Thomas Constable's Expository Notes
2. What kind of picture does Solomon paint of our existence? (1.3-8) (Does that surprise you?)
3. How does Solomon try to satisfy himself? Why didn’t it work? (What have you tried?)
2.1-11 PLEASURE; (NET--indulgent pleasure; KJV, NKJV--mirth)
2.12-17 "MATERIALISM" wisdom land madness and folly (NET--wisdom,
2.18-21 "WORKAHOLIC" labor (RSV, ESV--toil; HCSB, NLT--work)
Ecclesiastes 12:13-14
"The order of the two points (fear … keep) is significant. Conduct derives from worship. A knowledge of God leads to obedience; not vice versa." --Michael A. Eaton, in TOTC
The fear (H3372 yä·rā') of the Lord is
The awareness that God is watching, weighing, and rewarding all that I do, say, and think.
keep (H8104 shä·mar': to keep, guard, observe, give heed)
1A (Qal).
1A1 to keep, have charge of.
1A2 to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life.
1A2A watch, watchman (participle).
1A3 to watch for, wait for. 1
A4 to watch, observe.
1A5 to keep, retain, treasure up (in memory).
1A6 to keep (within bounds), restrain.
1A7 to observe, celebrate, keep (sabbath or covenant or commands), perform (vow).
1A8 to keep, preserve, protect.
1A9 to keep, reserve.
James Strong, Enhanced Strong’s Lexicon (Woodside Bible Fellowship, 1995).
whole (H3605 - kol : all, the whole}
NET Bible tn Heb “This is all men”; or “This is the whole of man.” The phrase זֶה כָּל־הָאָדָם (zeh kol-ha’adam, “this is all men”) features rhetorical elision of a key word. The ambiguity over the elided word has led to no less than five basic approaches:
(1) “this is the whole duty of man” (KJV, ASV, RSV, NAB, NIV);
(2) “this is the duty of all men” (MLB, ASV margin, RSV margin);
(3) “this applies to all men” (NASB, NJPS);
(4) “this is the whole duty of all men” (NRSV, Moffatt); and
(5) “there is no more to man than this” (NEB).
The four-fold repetition of כֹּל (kol, “all”) in 12:13-14 suggests that Qoheleth is emphasizing the “bottom line,” that is, the basic duty of man is simply to fear and obey God: After “all” (כֹּל) has been heard in the book, his conclusion is that the “whole” (כֹּל) duty of man is to obey God because God will bring “all” (כֹּל) acts into judgment, including “all” (כֹּל) that is hidden, whether good or bad. See D. Barthélemy, ed., Preliminary and Interim Report on the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project, 3:596.
judgment (H4941 - mish-pawt'; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially)
Westminster Shorter Catechism
Question 1
Q: What is the chief end of man?
A: Man's chief end is to glorify God,1 and to enjoy him forever.2
1 Corinthians 10:31. Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God. Romans 11:36. For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen.
Psalm 73:24-26. Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. Whom have I in heaven but thee? and there is none upon earth that I desire beside thee. My flesh and my heart faileth: but God isthe strength of my heart, and my portion for ever.
John 17:22, 24. And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they may be one, even as we are one... Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world.
nature consists of the physical world accessible through the five senses.
Summarize the three main worldview categories.
Naturalism is the worldview that the physical universe alone exists with no supernatural influences.
Pantheism is the worldview that everything is divine with no creator distinct from creation.
Theism is the worldview that one, personal God created everything.
(Polytheism: is the view that many gods and/or goddesses exist.)
https://crossexamined.org/8-major-worldviews-part-1/
https://crossexamined.org/8-major-worldviews-part-2/
How does Naturalism answer four
CENTRAL QUESTIONS?
What is real?—According to naturalism, the only things that are real are those that can be tested by the five senses.
Who is man?—According to Darwinism, humanity developed by a "cosmic accident
After death?—When you stop breathing, your life is done. You cease to exist.
Right & wrong (Purpose)?—There’s no standard outside of mankind that determines right and wrong.
Misconception: A meaningful life can be found in the things of this world alone.
Romans 1:28
Illumination: Without a relationship with God, life in this world is meaningless.
2 Peter 1:3-4; Ecclesiastes 2:24-25
Application question: What gives meaning to your life. Why do you do things?
Solomon—Ecclesiastes 1-2
1. What are the repeated phrases in chapters 1 & 2?
vanity (futility)--1:2, 2, 2, 2, 14; 2:1, 11, 17, 19, 21, 23, 26
labor (toil, i.e. wearing effort; hence, worry)--1:3; 2:10, 10, 11, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 22, 24
striving for the wind-- 1:14, 17; 2:11, 17, 26
wisdom (chokmah--wisdom, skill, shrewdness) 1:13, 16, 18; 2:3, 9, 12, 21, 26
under the sun--1:9, 14; 2:11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22,
under heaven--1:13; 2:3;
“Under the sun,” used 29 times in Ecclesiastes and nowhere else in the Old Testament, simply means “on the earth,” that is, in terms of human existence (1:9, 14; 2:11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22; 3:16; 4:1, 3, 7, 15; 5:13, 18; 6:1, 5, 12; 8:9, 15, 17; 9:3, 6, 9, 11, 13; 10:5; cf. 1:13; 2:3; 3:1). The phrase shows that the writer’s perspective was universal, not limited to his own people and land. And it shows that Solomon was looking at life from the perspective of man on the earth without the aid of special revelation from God. --Thomas Constable's Expository Notes
2. What kind of picture does Solomon paint of our existence? (1.3-8) (Does that surprise you?)
3. How does Solomon try to satisfy himself? Why didn’t it work? (What have you tried?)
2.1-11 PLEASURE; (NET--indulgent pleasure; KJV, NKJV--mirth)
2.12-17 "MATERIALISM" wisdom land madness and folly (NET--wisdom,
2.18-21 "WORKAHOLIC" labor (RSV, ESV--toil; HCSB, NLT--work)
Ecclesiastes 12:13-14
"The order of the two points (fear … keep) is significant. Conduct derives from worship. A knowledge of God leads to obedience; not vice versa." --Michael A. Eaton, in TOTC
The fear (H3372 yä·rā') of the Lord is
The awareness that God is watching, weighing, and rewarding all that I do, say, and think.
“The
remarkable thing about fearing God,” wrote Oswald Chambers, “is that, when you
fear God, you fear nothing else; whereas, if you do not fear God, you fear
everything else.” --Warren W. Wiersbe, Be
Satisfied
keep (H8104 shä·mar': to keep, guard, observe, give heed)
1A (Qal).
1A1 to keep, have charge of.
1A2 to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life.
1A2A watch, watchman (participle).
1A3 to watch for, wait for. 1
A4 to watch, observe.
1A5 to keep, retain, treasure up (in memory).
1A6 to keep (within bounds), restrain.
1A7 to observe, celebrate, keep (sabbath or covenant or commands), perform (vow).
1A8 to keep, preserve, protect.
1A9 to keep, reserve.
James Strong, Enhanced Strong’s Lexicon (Woodside Bible Fellowship, 1995).
"Now
in the epilogue, almost as an aside, it is pointed out that such a life will
have implications. It must not be restricted to the Mosaic law." --Michael
A. Eaton in TOTC
"The fear of the Lord must result in obedient living, otherwise that “fear” is only a sham." --Warren W. Wiersbe, Be Satisfied
NET Bible tn Heb “This is all men”; or “This is the whole of man.” The phrase זֶה כָּל־הָאָדָם (zeh kol-ha’adam, “this is all men”) features rhetorical elision of a key word. The ambiguity over the elided word has led to no less than five basic approaches:
(1) “this is the whole duty of man” (KJV, ASV, RSV, NAB, NIV);
(2) “this is the duty of all men” (MLB, ASV margin, RSV margin);
(3) “this applies to all men” (NASB, NJPS);
(4) “this is the whole duty of all men” (NRSV, Moffatt); and
(5) “there is no more to man than this” (NEB).
The four-fold repetition of כֹּל (kol, “all”) in 12:13-14 suggests that Qoheleth is emphasizing the “bottom line,” that is, the basic duty of man is simply to fear and obey God: After “all” (כֹּל) has been heard in the book, his conclusion is that the “whole” (כֹּל) duty of man is to obey God because God will bring “all” (כֹּל) acts into judgment, including “all” (כֹּל) that is hidden, whether good or bad. See D. Barthélemy, ed., Preliminary and Interim Report on the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project, 3:596.
judgment (H4941 - mish-pawt'; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially)
Westminster Shorter Catechism
Question 1
Q: What is the chief end of man?
A: Man's chief end is to glorify God,1 and to enjoy him forever.2
1 Corinthians 10:31. Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God. Romans 11:36. For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen.
Psalm 73:24-26. Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. Whom have I in heaven but thee? and there is none upon earth that I desire beside thee. My flesh and my heart faileth: but God isthe strength of my heart, and my portion for ever.
John 17:22, 24. And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they may be one, even as we are one... Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world.
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